ABSTRACT
Objective To theoretically study the non-invasive measurement method of blood hemoglobin in vivo based on the time-resolved approach combined with occlusion spectroscopy.Methods The dynamic dual wavelength time-resolved transmission was analyzed based on the artificial blood flow kinetics condition on a human finger model.The sensitivity of hemoglobin measurement was improved by Laplace transforming of time-domain data.The method was validated using hemoglobin with a mass concentration range of 6～16 g/dl.Results The simulation results showed that compared with the continuous wave method,the time-resolved method could provide higher detection sensitivity using Laplace transform parameter p =5 × 1010 s-1.Conclusions The sensitivity of hemoglobin measurement can be enhanced when early arriving photons are emphasized by Laplace transformingthe time-resolved transmission with a small positive parameter.
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OBJECTIVE: To explore the determination of pethidine hydrochloride injection by using Raman spectroscopy to realize in-site non-invasive inspection. METHODS: CLS algorithm was used to eliminate the interference of the ampoule, correlation coefficient was used for identification, and PLS algorithm was used to establish the quantitative model. Moreover, the transfer performance of the models was investigated when used on different portable Raman instruments. RESULTS: Nineteen samples of four different batches were used to verify the method. The RESULTS showed a good coincidence with reference RESULTS on both identification and quantification, and the relative deviation from HPLC method was within 5%. Meanwhile, the Raman method showed good accuracy and repeatability with relative deviation of mean and RSD value within 1% for samples from the same batch. The differences between instruments were controlled by the key index, and quantitative analysisRESULTS of 51 samples measured on three instruments all fell in the range of 90% to 110%, among which 96% fell in a more narrow range of 95% to 105%. CONCLUSION: The Raman method established in this study could be used for the in-situ non-invasive determination of pethidine hydrochloride injection.
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Objective To present a new method and design of an instrument for measuring intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) non-invasively. Method A pressure sensor (YH-4) and a displacement sensor (sliding rheostat) were assembled into a probe so that they work in a linear mode. When this assembled instrument probe acts on the abdominal wall of a subject, a pressure as called the external abdominal pressure (EAP), and a corresponding displacement were detected. A relationship was established mathematically between the IAP measured by non-invasive and invasive method, and IAP was calculated by EAP measurement indirectly non-invasively. Result The method was testified by animal experiment in rabbits. And the preliminary results indicated that linear relation between EAP and IAP was obtained. Conclusion Feasibility of the new method is validated by animal experiment. It provides scientific evidence for further clinical experiment.
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For the purpose to clarify whether physical training during the peak height velocity period of growth can accelerate the development of aerobic power and cardiorespiratory function, we determined the anaerobic threshold, VO<SUB>2</SUB> (AT) and maximaum O<SUB>2</SUB> uptake, VO<SUB>2</SUB> (MAX) together with cardiac output and several parameters indicating respiratory function in 16 boys. Stroke volume (SV), heart rate (HR) and cardiac output (Q) were measured continuously by using an automated impedance cardiograph. This apparatus can print out the above parameters once every 10 to 20 cardiac cycles in analog or digital form. An ensemble averaging technique was applied to improve the signal to noise ratio of the impedance signal during exercise. Minute ventialttion (V<SUB>E</SUB>), O<SUB>2</SUB> uptake (VO<SUB>2</SUB>), CO<SUB>2</SUB> output (VCO<SUB>2</SUB>), end-tidal CO<SUB>2</SUB> tension (P<SUB>ET</SUB>CO<SUB>2</SUB>) and respiratory quotient were simultaneously measured breath by breath. The subjects were classified into two groups, the one trained group (T) and the other control group (C) . The boys included in T were 16 yrs and were engaged in the systematic training of Judo since 4 to 8 years ago. The boys of C were of the same age and were received no systematic physical training. The body weight of T was greater than C by 24%. The exercise was performed using a bicycle ergometer of which load was increased in step by 10 W every 30 sec. The measurement was terminated when VO<SUB>2</SUB> reached a plateau. AT was determined later on the record adopting the criteria proposed by Wasserman et al. i. e., the time point when V<SUB>E</SUB>/VO<SUB>2</SUB> increased dominantly with constan V<SUB>E</SUB>/VCO<SUB>2</SUB>. At lest, SV, V<SUB>E</SUB> and VO<SUB>2</SUB> were greater in T by 24, 20 and 36%, respectively. There was no significant difference in Q. At AT, the above parameter were greater in T than C by 36, 43 and 31%. At VO<SUB>2</SUB> (MAX), SV, Q, V<SUB>E</SUB>, and VO<SUB>2</SUB> were larger in T by 56, 42, 34, and 27%. The difference between C and T was however disappeared when the parameters were normalized on body weight. There were significant correlations between body weight and either of VO<SUB>2</SUB> (AT) or VO<SUB>2</SUB> (MAX) . The same held true between the maximum value of SV and the above aerobic parameters. It was concluded that Judo training during the growth period enhances the muscle mass primarily, and the aerobic power is developed so as to match the increased mascle mass. The development of cardiac function is a major determinant for anaerobic threshold and maximum O<SUB>2</SUB> uptake.